安装完DHCP后,了解其重要的配置文件
配置服务
主配置文件为/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
打开后发现可以查看配置实例example，可以根据实例了解下
修改配置文件
# dhcpd.conf## Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd## option definitions common to all supported networks...#此行我修改为自己的域名option domain-name "liuliancao.com";#此处servers我修改为自己dns的地址option domain-name-servers 192.168.177.130,192.168.177.133;#修改默认租约default-lease-time 6000;max-lease-time 72000;# Use this to enble / disable dynamic dns updates globally.#ddns-update-style none;通常这不是安全的做法，会修改dns服务器的内容，建议关闭# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.#authoritative;# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).#定义不同的日志级别，这里默认吧log-facility local7;# No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the# DHCP server to understand the network topology.#让服务知道，这是一个不被允许使用的域，我把它注释掉了#subnet 10.152.187.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {#}# This is a very basic subnet declaration.#最基本的设置，有子网的定义，地址池的设置，路由（网关）的设置，此处我也注释掉#subnet 10.254.239.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {# range 10.254.239.10 10.254.239.20;#option routers rtr-239-0-1.example.org, rtr-239-0-2.example.org;#}# This declaration allows BOOTP clients to get dynamic addresses,# which we don't really recommend.#BOOTP的使用说明，不使用#subnet 10.254.239.32 netmask 255.255.255.224 {# range dynamic-bootp 10.254.239.40 10.254.239.60;#option broadcast-address 10.254.239.31;#option routers rtr-239-32-1.example.org;#}#典型的配置，我修改了下成为自己的配置# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.subnet 192.168.177.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {range 192.168.177.10 192.168.177.20;#默认情况下为130-254虚拟机dhcp分配，等会用来比较接受了哪个服务器option domain-name-servers 192.168.177.130,192.168.177.133;option domain-name "liuliancao.com";option routers 192.168.177.1;# option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;default-lease-time 600;max-lease-time 7200;}#定义特殊的主机，并为之绑定ip地址，即固定ip地址,这里先不用#host server {#通过mac定位# hardware ethernet 00:0C:29:1D:07:88;# fixed-address 192.168.177.133;#}
重启dhcpd服务
[root@www ~]# service dhcpd restartShutting down dhcpd: [ OK ]Starting dhcpd: [ OK ]
上面的如果启动失败，请自行查看/var/log/messages，有详细的说明信息
[root@www ~]# netstat -tunlp |grep dhcpdudp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 2677/dhcpd
设置客户端为BOOTPROTO=dhcp
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0DEVICE=eth0BOOTPROTO=dhcpHWADDR=00:0C:29:1D:07:88NETMASK=255.255.255.0ONBOOT=yesGATEWAY=192.168.177.1
如果你启动的时候显示NetworkManager actived的话，请关闭这个服务
[root@localhost network-scripts]# service NetworkManager stopStopping NetworkManager daemon: [ OK ][root@localhost network-scripts]# chkconfig NetworkManager off
在客户端重启网络
[root@localhost ~]# service network restart
这一步请在内部虚拟机运行，否则就会迟迟没有响应，因为客户端ip已经变了，说明该客户端是用来server端的dhcp
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfigeth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:1D:07:88 inet addr:192.168.177.3 Bcast:192.168.177.255 Mask:255.255.255.0inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe1d:788/64 Scope:LinkUP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1RX packets:1867 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:1854 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000RX bytes:184954 (180.6 KiB) TX bytes:227183 (221.8 KiB)
此时服务端可以查看leases
[root@www ~]# tail -8 /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leaseslease 192.168.177.3 { starts 4 2015/05/2119:11:50; ends 4 2015/05/21 19:21:50;租约的时间信息 cltt 4 2015/05/21 19:11:50; binding state active; next binding state free; hardware etherne t00:0c:29:1d:07:88;这个mac就是client的mac 此时把之前配置文件中的静态绑定启用，在客户端有 [root@ns2 ~]# service network restartShutting down interface eth0: [ OK ]Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ]Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]Bringing up interface eth0: Determining IP information for eth0... done
[root@ns2 ~]# ifconfigeth0 Linkencap:Ethernet HWaddr00:0C:29:1D:07:88 inet addr:192.168.177.133 Bcast:192.168.177.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr:fe80::20c:29ff:fe1d:788/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNINGMULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2121 errors:0 dropped:0overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2080errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:212609(207.6 KiB) TX bytes:251128 (245.2 KiB)
不过绑定信息并不需要租约